Application of Physical and Neural Network Methods in Operational Water Surface Detection

Abstract— The paper presents some methods of satellite data preprocessing for the elimination of atmospheric effects on the electromagnetic radiation detected by the target equipment of a satellite and subsequent detection of floods in the Amur River basin. The atmospheric correction algorithm that has been used for the preprocessing is based on the use of a lookup table obtained by applying the Second Simulation of a Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum, which is a model of atmosphere radiative transfer. The subsequent flood detection in the Amur River basin water bodies builds on a neural network algorithm, the core of which is the upgraded U-Net. The developed algorithms for atmospheric correction and subsequent flood detection make it possible to receive information in an automatic near-real-time mode for monitoring flood conditions. Some groundwork has been made for applying the algorithm to the data of the Russian satellite instruments for spacecraft planned for launch.