Formation, Structure, and Properties of Unconventional Glasses
Containing Gallium Oxide*

S. Sakka

Fukui University of Technology Gakuen, Fukui 910, Japan

Abstract—Glass formation, glass structure, and some basic and topical properties of glasses have been
reviewed for gallium oxide-based systems, which are free from conventional glass-forming oxides. The glass-
forming tendency is unexpectedly large for Ga₂O₃-based systems. In binary and ternary systems, it is especially
large when the second and third components are heavier metal oxides. Diffraction and spectroscopic studies
indicate that all or most of Ga³⁺ ions are four-coordinated, which confirms Zachariasen’s rule for glass forma-
tion. The Ga₂O₃-based heavy metal oxide glasses are applied as infrared transmitting glasses due to their longer
cut-off wavelengths in the infrared region. Optical nonlinearity of PbO–Ga₂O₃ glasses is larger than that of the
corresponding silicate glasses in the PbO–SiO₂ system, which makes these glasses promising as a nonlinear
optical material. The Ga₂O₃-based mixed-alkali oxide glasses show a marked mixed-alkali effect in electrical
conductivity similar to that seen in alkali silicate glasses.

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