The Influence of Nonlinear Carbon Synthesis Reactions
on the Nucleation of Pores in Carbon Nanomaterials

S. K. Gordeev¹, P. Yu. Guzenko², S. A. Kukushkin², A. V. Osipov², and A. L. Fradkov²

¹ Central Research Institute of Materials, St. Petersburg, Russia

² Institute of Problems in Machine Science, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Vasil’evskii ostrov, Bol’shoi pr. 61, St. Petersburg, 199178 Russia

E-mail: ksa@phase.ipme.ru

Abstract—A new mechanism of formation of nanopores in carbon materials is suggested. According to this
mechanism, the formation of carbon from carbides under certain conditions is accompanied by the self-organi-
zation of reaction products. The restructuring of the carbon crystal lattice then occurs with a certain period in
space determined by the kinetics of the carbon synthesis reaction, which initiates the generation of vacancies,
also periodic in space. In a certain time interval, the gas of vacancies becomes supersaturated, and the nucle-
ation of pores begins and eventually results in a porous carbon structure. The intensity of space-periodic
vacancy generation substantially depends on the time of chlorine action on crystalline carbide grains. This
dependence is universal in character and has three maxima. The nucleation of pores occurs at the instants of
time corresponding to these maxima. The optimal size of pores of the best structure was estimated at 5 10⁴ m.

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