mohaline fields induced by a tide at an initially prescribed horizontally uniform stably stratified density field.
A numerical three-dimensional model was used in this study, which included the (b,
) semi-empirical model of turbulence with algebraic relations for turbulent fluxes of mass and Reynolds stresses to describe the pro-
cesses of vertical turbulent transfer and friction. Numerical reproduction of tidal circulation is in good agree-
ment with observational data and results obtained by shallow-water models. However, it was shown that the
vertical advection transfer exerts a significant effect on the formation of the residual tidal circulation in the
White Sea, which is conditioned by nonlinear effects, and results in the generation of more intense quasi-sta-
tionary currents as compared to those obtained with the shallow-water models. In the deep-water (with depths
of 100 m and deeper) part of the White Sea, the interaction between tidal waves and relief leads to the generation
of intense internal waves with isopycnic oscillation amplitudes exceeding 15 m. The crests of waves are
stretched northwestward, the main propagation direction is northeastward, and the wavelengths are about 50–
60 km, which corresponds to a synoptic scale in the White Sea basin. The phase velocity of internal waves is
about 1.2–1.4 m/s, which correlates with theoretical estimates for this region. In the White Sea Throat and near
the Solovetski Islands, because of strong tidal currents, the turbulent bottom boundary layer reaches the surface,
forming the regions with mixed water and frontal zones, in which the pycnocline comes to the surface. The posi-
tion of tidal fronts that is obtained numerically is close to that observed in May-and June.