Formation of Dynamic and Binocular Three-Dimensional Images in Protective Holograms with Zero Diffraction Order

Abstract—Variants of implementing trackograms, one of the types of zero-order holograms, for the formation of protective features for non-expert verification of their authenticity are considered. The three-dimensional image in trackograms is formed by glares on the walls of toroidal surfaces-tracks that represent relief stripes with the recording material. Variations in the shape of tracks, their length, and the number of sections of different tracks at one point in the image can provide security features that are convenient for non-expert identification of holograms. Track sizes and depths are compatible with the technology of conventional embossed holograms. Photos of holograms forming images in white light are shown.