Characteristic Property of the Formation of Authigenic Minerals in Bottom Sediments of the South Caspian Basin under Hydrogen Sulfide Contamination Conditions

Abstract—The paper presents the results of lithological, mineralogical, and geochemical studies of bottom sediments in the central part of the South Caspian Basin. A complex of analytical methods was used to identify authigenic minerals from groups of sulfates, carbonates, and sulfides; study their forms of crystals and aggregates and their composition; and determine the distribution pattern in bottom sediments. The lithological and geochemical data were used to identify the characteristic property of authigenic mineral formation processes in the central part of the South Caspian Basin under hydrogen sulfide contamination conditions.