Measurement of Diabetic Sugar Concentration in Human Blood
Using Raman Spectroscopy¹

S. Firdous^a, M. Nawaz^b, M. Ahmed^c, S. Anwar^a, A. Rehman^a, R. Rashid^b, and A. Mahmood^b

^a Biophotonics Lab., National Institute of Lasers and Optronics (NILOP), Islamabad, Pakistan

^b Photonics Division, National Institute of Lasers and Optronics (NILOP), Islamabad, Pakistan

^c National Institute of Lasers and Optronics (NILOP), Islamabad, Pakistan

e-mail: shamaraz@gmail.com, shamaraz@nilop.edu.pk

Received December 21, 2011; in final form, January 18, 2012; published online May 11, 2012

Abstract—This study demonstrates the use of Raman spectroscopy for the direct measurement of diabetic
sugar in human blood using 532 nm laser system. Raman spectra were collected from whole blood drawn from
21 individuals. We have elicited a reliable glucose signature in diabetic patients, and measured glucose levels
in blood serum of normal, healthy diabetic and diabetic patients with other malignancies like cancer and hepa-
titis. Quantitative predictions of glucose spectra illustrate the predictions based on molecular information car-
ried by the Raman light in highly light-scattering and absorbing media. Raman spectrum peaks for diabetic
blood serum are observed at 1168, 1531, 1463, 1021 cm^–1 with intensity level 17 000 to 18 500 pixels attributed
to carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, collagen, and skeletal C–C stretch of lipids acyl chains. Raman spectra for
normal, diabetic patients having cancer and hepatitis were also recorded. This in vitro glucose monitoring meth-
odology will lead in vivo noninvasive on-line monitoring having painless and at the same time the data will be
displayed on-line and in real time. The measured Raman peaks provides detailed biochemical fingerprint of the
sample and could confer diagnostic benefit in a clinical setting.

DOI: 10.1134/S1054660X12060023

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