phates stabilized by ammonium, lanthanum, aluminum, manganese, and cobalt cations are summarized. The
synthesis involves the mechanochemical activation of a mixture of solid reactants (salts) or the sol–gel process
each followed by the hydrothermal treatment (HTT) of obtained precursors in the presence of surfactants. The
genesis of dispersed systems under investigation is studied by modern physical methods providing information
on the state of the bulk and surface of the systems. It is found that the local structure of sol nanoparticles and
zirconium phosphate crystalline nuclei arising from mechanochemical activation products depends on the
nature of initial substances. This, in its turn, makes different crystallization mechanisms possible during the
HTT process: the dissolution/precipitation mechanism or the mechanism of oriented mating of primary parti-
cles. The crystallization mechanism in HTT and the reaction system composition influence the nature of result-
ing complex zirconium phosphate phases, their thermal stability, dispersity, and porous structure parameters.
The relationship between the bulk structure parameters of framework zirconium phosphates, which are con-
trolled by varying the chemical composition and conditions of synthesis, and the surface characteristics of the
systems (the strength and concentration of different Lewis and Br
nsted sites) is studied. It is shown that sys-tems based on framework zirconium phosphates are promising catalysts for paraffin (pentane and hexane)
isomerization, the selective oxidation of methane by oxygen into synthesis gas at short contact times, and the
oxidative dehydrogenation of propane into propylene.