Ionospheric Response to the Extreme Solar Burst
of October 28, 2003

V. M. Smirnov and E. V. Smirnova

Kotelnikov Institute of Radiotechnics and Elctronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Fryazino, Moscow oblast, Russia

e-mail: vsmirnov@ire.rssi.ru

Received November 14, 2012; in final form April 1, 2013

Abstract—Using GPS and GLONASS navigation systems, instantaneous observations of solar burst effects on
the Earth’s ionosphere are made. These observations are carried out for both Northern and Southern hemi-
spheres, including the ionosphere at polar and equatorial latitudes. It is shown that the rate of total electron con-
tent (TEC) change is agrees well with the time profiles of solar bursts. An experimental dependence of the elec-
tron content gradient on the elevation angle is obtained.

DOI: 10.1134/S0016793214010149

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