Analysis of Long-Term Changes in the Dates of Seasonal
Phenomena in Plants and Insects of the Ilmen Reserve
As Related to Climatic Factors

N. S. Gordienko^a and L. V. Sokolov^b

^aIl’men State Nature Reserve, Miass, Chelyabinsk oblast, 456317 Russia;

e-mail gordi@ilmeny.ac.ru

^bZoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia;

e-mail: leonid-sokolov@mail.ru

Received December 28, 2006

Abstract—The results of monitoring the dates of the onset of flowering and leaf budding in eight herbaceous
and woody plant species and the first appearance of three insect species in the Il’men Reserve (1972–2005)
were processed by means of regression and correlation analyses. No significant changes in test parameters were
revealed in the majority of these species. Only two early spring plants, coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara L.) and goat
willow (Salix caprea L.), showed a weak tendency toward earlier flowering in the 1980s and 1990s. This is
explained primarily by the absence of any significant trends in spring and summer air temperatures in the study
region over the observation period. On the other hand, interannual fluctuations in the dates of plant flowering
and insect appearance were well manifested not only in early spring but also in late-spring species. These fluc-
tuations proved to depend largely on spring temperatures: in years with early and warm springs, flowering and
leaf budding in plants and the appearance of first individuals in insects were recorded on significantly earlier
dates.

DOI: 10.1134/S1067413609020039

Key words: monitoring, flowering, leaf budding, insect appearance, air temperature, climate, Il’men Reserve.

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