Changes in the State of Vital Systems with Long COVID-19
B. I. Kuznika, b, K. G. Shapovalova, and N. I. Chalisovac, d, *
a Chita State Medical Academy, Chita, 672000 Russia
b Academy of Health Innovative Clinic, Chita, 672000 Russia
c Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia
d St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, St. Petersburg, 197110 Russia
Correspondence to: *e-mail: ni_chalisova@mail.ru
Received 5 May, 2022
Abstract—Long COVID-19 is a chronic disease that continues to be studied. Data on epidemiology and the main symptoms typical for long COVID-19 are presented. Issues related to the pathogenesis of the disease are discussed. At the same time, special attention is paid to the inflammation process (including of the vascular wall endothelium), the state of the immune system (cytokine storm), the hemostasis system (the mechanism for the development of microangiopathy and thrombosis), and oxidative stress. During the analysis, a special place is given to central nervous system disorders (including organic brain damage) and disorders of cognitive functions. In addition, currently known complications from the cardiovascular system and respiratory organs are described. The treatment and rehabilitation of patients with long COVID-19 is not only a medical, but also a significant social problem.
Keywords: long COVID-19, immunity, hemostasis, inflammation, complications, central nervous system, cognitive functions, heart, vessels, lungs
DOI: 10.1134/S2079086423020044